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A Phase I ESA (Environmental Site Assessment) is primarily used to identify potential contamination risks without conducting any soil or water testing. It involves a historical records review, a site visit, and interviews to understand the site's history and environmental setting. It aims to identify past or present high-risk activities, potential sources, and environmental issues to help determine if further investigation is needed (proceeding to a Phase II). It is often required during a transaction, financing, or upon a change of use or cessation of regulated activities. A Phase II, on the other hand, is generally initiated when a Phase I reveals potential risks. Its objective is to confirm the presence or absence of contamination and to measure its actual extent (moving from "suspicion" to "facts"). In practical terms, it involves sampling (soil, groundwater, and sometimes soil gas) and laboratory analyses. A Phase II also determines the concentrations, the extent (vertical and horizontal), and the migration potential of the contaminants.
This will depend on several factors, such as the type of Phase I required (whether it is required under the EQA or not), the complexity of site operations, the availability of documents and information, and the fluidity of communication. For example, the price will not be the same for a small sawmill as it would be for a petrochemical industrial complex.
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